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L'ozone troposphérique (O3) a été identifié comme le polluant atmosphérique le plus dommageable pour les plantes cultivées en termes de croissance et de réduction de rendement. Compte tenu de l’effet négatif de l’ozone dans les régions tropicales, quatorze cultivars de blé indien de culture commune, ayant une sensibilité connue à l’O3, ont été testés pour déterminer leur sensibilité / tolérance vis-à-vis de deux antioxydants majeurs (acide ascorbique et thiols) et les réponses de rendement du grain à un apport élevé 30 ppb) exposition. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient d’évaluer l’utilité des marqueurs biochimiques dans le criblage de cultivars de blé ayant un niveau de sensibilité différentiel à l’O3 et une durée de libération différente (cultivars modernes et anciens). L’exposition à l’ozone a entraîné une recrudescence de l’acide ascorbique et des thiols ainsi que de leur rapport dans le groupe des tolérants, suivi du groupe des moins sensibles, des moins sensibles. Les teneurs en acide ascorbique et en thiol offraient plus de résistance aux cultivars à libération rapide que les cultivars modernes. L'acide ascorbique était le paramètre le plus déterminant pour déterminer la réponse variétale en présence d'un stress élevé en O3 et était directement lié à la tolérance à l'O3. Dans l’ensemble, le groupe sensible a subi des pertes de rendement maximales alors que le minimum a été observé dans le groupe tolérant en raison de l’augmentation différentielle de la tolérance offerte par les antioxydants. Les concentrations plus élevées d'antioxydants aux premiers stades de croissance étaient fortement corrélées aux réponses de rendement final, ce qui suggère que les antioxydants jouent un rôle déterminant dans le rendement final. Les résultats de cette étude aideront à identifier les cultivars de blé sensibles et tolérants à l'O3 aux futurs programmes de dépistage utilisant l'acide ascorbique et les thiols comme marqueurs importants de la tolérance à l'O3.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30658306